This chapter describes the background and modeling approaches used in simple climate models (SCMs) (Harvey et al. 1997). In general, SCMs are the simplified models used by the Intergovernmental Panel…
Climate OptiOns for the Long term (COOL)-Synthesis Report
The aim of the COOL project was to develop strategic notions how drastic reductions of GHG emissions in the Netherlands can be achieved in the long term, in an European and global context, using a…
Climate Options for the Long-term (COOL) - Nationale Dialoog
The National Dialogue in the COOL project aimed at developing insights and recommendations for Dutch long term climate policy, both on content and process. The dialogue was carried out in four…
Strategies for the long-term climate policy. The results of the Cool project. Final report of the second phase of the Dutch National Research Programme on Global Air Pollution and Climate Change (NRP II) 1995-2001. Part 2
This report, Climate Change, a Permanent Concern, presents the results of research that was conducted in over 90 projects during the second phase of the National Research Programme on Global Air…
Climate change, a permanent concern. Final report of the second phase of the Dutch National Research Programme on Global Air Pollution and Climate Change (NRP II) 1995-2001. Part 1
This report, Climate Change, a Permanent Concern, presents the results of research that was conducted in over 90 projects during the second phase of the National Research Programme on Global Air…
Analyzing the Kyoto Protocol under the Marrakesh Accords
The US withdrawal has by far the greatest impact in reducing the environmental effectiveness of the Kyoto Protocol, whereas the impact of the decision on sinks is comparatively small.
The yearly mean EU-NO 2 limit value will, according to the EC scenario of the CPB, still be exceeded in 2010 under average meteorological conditions. Exceedance will mainly take place along motorways…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency