Too hot to handle? The emission surplus in the Copenhagen negotiations
In Copenhagen, one of three possible solutions could be found to the problem of surplus Russian and Ukrainian emission rights: 1) rich countries all agree to reduce more; 2) a more stringent target is…
Meeting the 2 degree target. From climate objective to emission reduction measures
This PBL report gives an overview of the implications of the 2°C target, by systematically presenting information along the causal chain of climate change. One element is that the increase in global…
Sharing developed countries' post-2012 greenhouse gas emission reductions based on comparable efforts
This study analyses comparable reduction efforts according to fundamentally different effort-sharing approaches for the individual industrialised (Annex I) countries for achieving an aggregated total…
News in climate science and exploring boundaries : A Policy brief on developments since the IPCC AR4 report in 2007
The IPCC Fourth Assessment Report of 2007 (AR4), today, still offers a solid scientific base for climate policy-making. However, there are risks of climate change happening faster - or having more…
Comparison of top-down and bottom-up estimates of sectoral and regional greenhouse gas emission reduction potentials
The amount of greenhouse gas emissions that can be avoided at costs below a certain level plays a key role in climate policy analysis. Estimates of economic reduction potentials (the amount of…
Comparison of different climate regimes: the impact of broadening participation
Several studies have shown that international climate policy can only be effective and cost-efficient if all major emitting countries at some point of time participate in reducing greenhouse gas…
Compensating biodiversity loss on the global scale is possible, but has limited effect on the average global biodiversity, in terms of mean species abundance (MSA). Compensation on smaller scales…
Meeting radiative forcing targets under delayed participation
Early participation of key developing countries is critically important for the feasibility of achieving low greenhouse gas concentration targets. The IMAGE framework is able to identify mitigation…
Attainability of PM2.5 air quality standards, situation for the Netherlands in a European context
It is likely that the air quality standards for PM2.5 will be met in time under current and proposed national and European policies, assuming average meteorological conditions. In 2015, the…
The Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) coordinates, at the request of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the global…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
