Using logged trees as a bioenergy source – replacing fossil fuel – carries the risk of first increasing CO 2 emissions before reducing them. It could in fact take up to 100 years before emissions…
Sensitivity analyses of the ESPON Climate framework, on the basis of the case study on flooding in the Netherlands
The ESPON Climate framework is a first attempt to develop a comprehensive methodology that integrates data and interrelations across a vast range of relevant fields in order to assess a pan-European…
The global nitrogen cycle in the twenty-first century
Global nitrogen fixation contributes 413 Tg of reactive nitrogen (Nr) to terrestrial and marine ecosystems annually of which anthropogenic activities are responsible for half, 210 Tg N. The majority…
Comments on the European Commission's Green Paper ‘A 2030 framework for climate and energy policies’
The European Commission has recently published a green paper titled ‘A 2030 framework for climate and energy policies’. In that document, the Commission formulated a number of questions for public…
Quantifying biodiversity impacts of climate change and bioenergy: the role of integrated global scenarios
The role of bioenergy in climate change mitigation is a topic of heated debate, as the demand for land may result in social and ecological conflicts. Biodiversity impacts are a key controversy, given…
Trade-off analysis of ecosystem services in Eastern Europe
In this paper we assess trade-offs between ecosystem services in a spatially explicit manner. From a supply side perspective, we estimate opportunity costs, which reflect in monetary terms the trade…
Place-based smart specialisation strategies are one of the prerequisites to access Structural Funds as of 2014. However, policy research analysing regional smart specialisation strategies has been…
Currently, place-based development policies are proposed for future cohesion policy and have taken the shape of smart specialisation strategies. These strategies are one of the prerequisites to access…
National Background Note ‘Local Scenarios of Demographic Change: The impact on local labour markets’
The Netherlands as a whole and many Dutch regions, in particular, experience a decline in potential labour force as well as an ageing population. These demographic developments may have consequences…
Opening up scientific assessments for policy: the importance of transparency in expert judgements
Scientific assessments have become an important tool to support decision-making. Such assessments are formal efforts to assemble selected knowledge with a view toward making it publicly available in a…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
