Human populations and their use of land have reshaped landscapes for thousands of years, creating the anthropogenic biomes (anthromes) that now cover most of the terrestrial biosphere. Here we…
Methods for calculating the emissions of transport in the Netherlands 2020
This report describes the methodologies, emission factors and relevant activity data used to calculate the emissions of environmental pollutants from mobile sources in the Netherlands. The emissions…
Bioenergy is the EU's leading renewable energy source at present. Understanding bioenergy's contribution to the future EU energy mix is strategically relevant for mid to long term climate targets…
Decarbonisation options for the Dutch biofuels industry
This report on decarbonisation options for the Dutch biofuels industry is part of the MIDDEN project (Manufacturing Industry Decarbonisation Data Exchange Network) initiated by PBL and TNO. ECN part…
Decarbonisation options for the Dutch offshore natural gas industry
This report on decarbonisation options for the Dutch offshore natural gas industry is part of the MIDDEN project (Manufacturing Industry Decarbonisation Data Exchange Network) initiated by PBL and TNO…
Mapping the yields of lignocellulosic bioenergy crops from observations at the global scale
Most scenarios from integrated assessment models (IAMs) that project greenhouse gas emissions include the use of bioenergy as a means to reduce CO 2 emissions or even to achieve negative emissions…
What users of global risk-related indicators should know
The use of composite indicators has grown vastly over the past three decades. These indicators, which combine different data sources, can help to understand risks over time and compare between…
Beyond national climate action: the impact of region, city, and business commitments on global greenhouse gas emissions
This article quantifies the net aggregate impact in 2030 of commitments by individual non-state and subnational actors (e.g. regions, cities and businesses, collectively referred to as ‘NSAs’) to…
The costs of achieving climate targets and the sources of uncertainty
Effective climate policy requires information from various scientific disciplines. Here, we construct a metamodel from climate and integrated assessment models that assesses the emissions budget…
How food secure are the green, rocky and middle roads: food security effects in different world development paths
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) address food and nutrition security with goal number two. Food and nutrition security is a complicated issue, and understanding its future requires insights…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
