Global riverine N and P transport to ocean increased during the twentieth century despite increased retention along the aquatic continuum.
Various human activities, including agriculture, water consumption, river damming, and aquaculture, have intensified over the last century. This has had a major impact on nitrogen (N) and phosphorus…
Emissions of transboundary air pollutants in the Netherlands, 1990–2014: Netherlands Informative Inventory Report 2016
Ammonia emission levels in the Netherlands increased in 2014. These levels do not comply with the Dutch national emission ceiling for ammonia as set by the European Union, which entered into force in…
An essay on the colourful scene of Europe's energy transition
In the change towards a structurally decarbonised Europe, national policies of the Member States play an important role. This analysis of the energy and climate policies of all 28 Member States shows…
Dutch land development institutions in the face of crisis: trembling pillars in the planners’ paradise
The international planning community has long regarded Dutch planning culture as atypical and even exemplary. This article claims that this common view might need revision, because of large changes…
Indicators of success for ecosystem restoration depend on a proper assessment of the extent to which human activity has degraded biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services. In an 2016 article…
Greenhouse gas emissions in the Netherlands, 1990-2013: National Inventory Report 2015
Total greenhouse gas emissions in the Netherlands decreased in 2013 by approximately 0.2%, compared with those in 2012. This was mainly the result of a decrease in fossil-fuel combustion in the…
Competitive network positions in trade and structural economic growth
In this paper, the authors identify two components of European regional economic growth: demand-led growth due to growing export markets and structural growth due to growing market shares in those…
The EU 40 % greenhouse gas emission reduction target by 2030 in perspective
We assess the fairness and ambition level of the EU’s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) of reducing domestic greenhouse gas emissions by at least 40 % relative to 1990.
Drivers and patterns of land biosphere carbon balance reversal
The carbon balance of the land biosphere is the result of complex interactions between land, atmosphere and oceans, including climatic change, carbon dioxide fertilization and land-use change. While…
Evaluation of the Dutch Implementation of the Nitrates Directive, the Water Framework Directive and the National Emission Ceilings Directive
There is a strong overlap between the general protection goals of the Nitrates Directive, the Water Framework Directive and the National Emission Ceilings Directive; however, policies to implement the…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
