The potential contribution of a nitrogen emission control area to national targets under a revised EU national emission ceiling directive
A proposal by the European Commission, containing national targets for 2030 for air polluting emissions from land-based sources, allows for a restricted contribution of new emission reductions in…
Green Tax Reform - Energy Tax challenges for The Netherlands
This Policy Brief discusses energy tax policy challenges for the Netherlands, against the background of the main trade-off behind green tax reform. Recent estimates of environmental damage in relation…
Emissions of transboundary air pollutants in the Netherlands, 1990–2013: Netherlands Informative Inventory Report 2015
Calculated ammonia emissions in the Netherlands are still declining over time. However as a result of new research ammonia emissions can be calculated more accurate. This shows that over the whole…
This article sets out the conceptual framework and results of Regional Quality of Living indicators that were developed in order to benchmark European NUTS2 regions. Nine non-business-related…
Pathways to achieve a set of ambitious global sustainability objectives by 2050: Explorations using the IMAGE integrated assessment model
In 2012, governments worldwide renewed their commitments to a more sustainable development that would eradicate poverty, halt climate change and conserve ecosystems, and initiated a process to create…
Opportunities and Challenges for Investigating the Environment-Migration Nexus
Environmental change is an acknowledged factor influencing human migration. Analytical research regarding the relationship between the environment and human migration has increased in recent years yet…
Institutional Arrangements and the Morphology of Residential Development in the Netherlands, Flanders and North Rhine-Westphalia
This article aims to highlight the mechanisms through which institutional arrangements influence the morphology of residential development. By comparing the Netherlands, Flanders and North Rhine…
Four scenarios on the future shape of the labour force were developed as part of the research programme for spatial development and policy on European level (ESPON) in the project on Demographic and…
Costs and benefits of differences in the timing of greenhouse gas emission reductions
Most modelling studies that explore long-term greenhouse gas mitigation scenarios focus on cost-efficient emission pathways towards a certain climate target, like the internationally agreed target to…
Evaluation of Water Framework Directive metrics to analyse trends in water quality in the Netherlands
The Water Framework Directive (WFD), implemented in 2000, is the major policy instrument for water quality in the European Union. Its main aim is to homogenise and standardise water quality…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
