Food is a basic necessity of life. Our food production does have a downside for the physical environment, such as biodiversity loss and climate change. By putting consumers and supply chains at the…
Implications of climate change mitigation strategies on international bioenergy trade
Most climate change mitigation scenarios rely on increased use of bioenergy to decarbonize the energy system. Here we use results from the 33rd Energy Modeling Forum study (EMF-33) to investigate…
Projected material requirements for the global electricity infrastructure – generation, transmission and storage
We analyse how the global material stocks and flows related to the electricity sector may develop towards 2050. We focus on three electricity sub-systems, being generation, transmission and storage…
Decarbonisation options for the Dutch chlor-alkali industry
This report on decarbonisation options for the Dutch chlor-alkali industry is part of the MIDDEN project (Manufacturing Industry Decarbonisation Data Exchange Network) initiated by PBL and TNO. The…
A comprehensive quantification of global nitrous oxide sources and sinks.
Global human-induced emissions of nitrous oxide, which are dominated by nitrogen additions to croplands, increased by 30% over the past four decades to 7.3 (4.2-11.4) teragrams of nitrogen per year…
Developing multi-scale and integrative nature-people scenarios using the Nature Futures Framework
Nature is under pressure. Given current development trajectories, without substantial transformations, it is unlikely that we will achieve the prosperous future imagined in global sustainability…
Overview of recently adopted mitigation policies and climate-relevant policy responses to COVID-19
This report presents an overview of recently adopted climate policies, climate-relevant responses to the COVID-19 pandemic and a state of play of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) and Long…
The impact of urbanisation on food systems in West and East Africa
Urbanisation is a major driver of societal, environmental and economic change in both West and East Africa, affecting all aspects of food systems. This policy report provides insights into the current…
Societal benefits of halving agricultural ammonia emissions in China far exceed the abatement costs
Mitigating agricultural ammonia (NH3) emissions in China is urgently needed to avoid further damage to human and ecosystem health. Effective and feasible mitigation strategies hinge on integrated…
Improving Climate Change Mitigation Analysis: A Framework for Examining Feasibility
Limiting global warming to 2°C or less compared with pre-industrial temperatures will require unprecedented rates of decarbonization globally. The scale and scope of transformational change required…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
