Publications

This report provides an overview of how PBL implements the monitoring of circularity strategies. It delves into both the conceptual principles and backgrounds of the so-called circularity ladder (‘R…

The Integral Circular Economy Report (ICER) offers an overview of the state of the transition towards a circular economy in the Netherlands. The objective information offered in the ICER is intended…

Solar panels, wind turbines and electric vehicle batteries are at the core of the energy transition. However, the rapid market growth of these products poses new challenges for the management of…

Countries have started setting their own national net-zero targets. While net-zero targets establish long-term ambitions, countries’ mid-term targets, as outlined in their Nationally Determined…

The need to balance environmental and social objectives is increasingly included in sustainability agendas at all levels – from local to global. This has given rise to the concept of a 'just…

This document describes version 0.4 of the database of the MIDDEN project (Manufacturing Industry Decarbonisation Data Exchange Network). The database contains information on current energy and…

The greenhouse gas emissions in the Netherlands are projected to decrease with 44-52% in 2030, relative to 1990 levels, based on adopted and proposed policy. The probability that the Netherlands will…

The Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF), which got adopted at COP15 of the Convention on Biological Diversity, sets ambitious targets and goals to improve biodiversity globally. Additionally, it was…

In the debate on the use of biomass, ‘carbon debt’ is a frequently encountered term referring to the question whether using biomass, especially for bioenergy, makes a positive or negative contribution…

To keep the Paris goal of 1.5 °C goal alive, nations need to collectively commit to cut 42% off annual greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 and 57% by 2035 in the next round of Nationally Determined…