The roads ahead: Narratives for shared socioeconomic pathways describing world futures in the 21st century
Long-term scenarios play an important role in research on global environmental change. The climate change research community is developing new scenarios integrating future changes in climate and…
The first Netherlands National Energy Outlook reveals that objectives for renewable energy and energy saving are not yet being met. The climate target for 2020, however, will be achieved. Employment…
Existing data and knowledge gaps about air-climate inter-linkages and way forwards for improvement
Over the past years progress has been made in understanding the linkage between air pollution with climate change. Using data available from current integrated assessment models and activities and…
The impacts of climate change include, but are not limited to, increased heat stress, land loss due to sea level rise, and changes in agricultural productivity. These impacts have consequences for the…
Impact of the choice of emission metric on greenhouse gas abatement and costs
This paper analyses the effect of different emission metrics and metric values on timing and costs of greenhouse gas mitigation in least-cost emission pathways aimed at a forcing level of 3.5 W m −2…
Long-term climate policy targets and implications for 2030
Countries, worldwide, have agreed that international efforts should be aimed at keeping the global mean temperature increase below 2 °C, compared to pre-industrial levels. In order to achieve the 2 °C…
This report summarizes the findings of the IMAGE Advisory Board meeting, which took place from 9 to 11 July 2014 in The Hague. The Advisory Board was asked by PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment…
Introduction to the AMPERE model intercomparison studies on the economics of climate stabilization
Climate stabilization requires ambitious policies to transition to low carbon economies within this century. Although the international community has recognized the goal to limit global warming to 2°C…
Biomass is an indispensable resource for a clean Dutch economy, as it is for that of many other countries. The organic material is used to replace fossil resources. This, for example, reduces resource…
Reflections on coordination mechanisms for accommodating increasing amounts of wind and solar in the power market
European power markets are being confronted with an unprecedented transition process toward a low-carbon power system. The speed and complexity of this shift are raising serious challenges and…
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