Share of raw material costs in total production costs
The share of raw material costs in the total costs for producers can be calculated using different methods. This note compares two of these methods; the energy and material costs and the basic raw…
Bij het gebruik van energie komen er emissies vrij die leiden tot klimaatverandering en luchtverontreiniging. Omdat er voor deze negatieve externe effecten geen markt aanwezig is, hoeven de…
Scientists’ Views about Attribution of Global Warming
Results are presented from a survey held among 1868 scientists studying various aspects of climate change, including physical climate, climate impacts, and mitigation. The survey was unique in its…
Uit een enquête van het PBL blijkt dat het grootste deel van de Nederlandse bevolking op de een of andere manier let op verduurzaming van het voedselsysteem. De motieven lopen uiteen.
Steeds meer huizen worden gebouwd in zogenaamde historiserende bouwstijl (retroarchitectuur): geïnspireerd op bijvoorbeeld de architectuur uit de jaren dertig van de vorige eeuw of die van zeventiende…
In ‘The Netherlands in 21 infographics – Facts and figures on the human environment’ the PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency presents facts and figures in a novel way. The booklet covers…
How climate proof is the European Union’s biodiversity policy?
In the European Union’s (EU) targets for the year 2020, climate change is recognised as a key challenge for biodiversity conservation. Meeting this challenge requires insight at three levels: the…
This PhD thesis aims at laying some of the groundwork for a more systematic application of system dynamics in the field of housing policy research. It contains a comprehensive review of the available…
Pesticides can potentially cause undesirable adverse side effects on nontarget organisms, humans, and the environment (soils, surface, and groundwater resources) because pesticides are toxic by design…
Trend analysis from 1970 to 2008 and model evaluation of EDGARv4 global gridded anthropogenic mercury emissions
The Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) provides a time-series of man-made emissions of greenhouse gases and short-lived atmospheric pollutants from 1970 to 2008. With an average…
Planbureau voor de Leefomgeving
