European policy responses to climate change: progress on mainstreaming emissions reduction and adaptation
Climate policy ‘mainstreaming’, ‘proofing’ and ‘integration’ are concepts that frequently appear in a range of EU policy discussions, most importantly in EU energy and climate policy. They reflect the…
GLOBIO-Aquatic, a global model of human impact on the biodiversity of inland aquatic ecosystems
Biodiversity in freshwater ecosystems is undergoing rapid global decline. Major drivers are land use change, eutrophication, hydrological disturbance, climate change, overexploitation and invasive…
Enhancing mitigation ambitions in the major emitting countries: analysis of current and potential climate policies
This study provides an overview of projected greenhouse gas emissions in seven major emitting countries (Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Mexico, and the United States) up to 2030, resulting…
Enhanced policy scenarios for major emitting countries
This study provides an overview of projected greenhouse gas emissions of 13 major emitting countries up to 2030, taking into account the emission trajectories based on current and planned policies…
The implications of carbon dioxide and methane exchange for the heavy mitigation RCP2.6 scenario under two metrics
Greenhouse gas emissions associated with Representative Concentration Pathway RCP2.6 could limit global warming to around or below a 2 °C increase since pre-industrial times. However this scenario…
Learning by doing - government participation in an energetic society
The essay ‘Learning by doing’ is a follow-up of ‘The Energetic Society’, a report published in 2011 by PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency. The essay raised the following question among…
Designing effective policies for Inclusive Green Growth, or growth that improves the welfare of current and future generations, is difficult. Current growth pathways are often non-green and non…
In the Spring of 2012, PBL held a survey among 1868 scientists studying various aspects of climate change, including physical climate, climate impacts, and mitigation. The main results of the survey…
The potential contribution of a nitrogen emission control area to national targets under a revised EU national emission ceiling directive
A proposal by the European Commission, containing national targets for 2030 for air polluting emissions from land-based sources, allows for a restricted contribution of new emission reductions in…
Green Tax Reform - Energy Tax challenges for The Netherlands
This Policy Brief discusses energy tax policy challenges for the Netherlands, against the background of the main trade-off behind green tax reform. Recent estimates of environmental damage in relation…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
