Global land–ocean linkage: direct inputs of nitrogen to coastal waters via submarine groundwater discharge
The role of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD), the leakage of groundwater from aquifers into coastal waters, in coastal eutrophication has been demonstrated mostly for the North American and…
Towards an Integrated Framework for SDGs: Ultimate and Enabling Goals for the Case of Energy
Discussions on how to define, design, and implement sustainable development goals (SDG) have taken center stage in the United Nations since the Rio+20 summit. Energy is one of the issues that enjoyed…
Assessing trade-offs between food production, biodiversity and carbon sequestration for Eastern Europe
Understanding the trade-offs between food production, biodiversity, carbon sequestration and other ecosystem services has become increasingly important for local, national and global policy making…
A modelling approach for the assessment of the effects of Common Agricultural Policy measures on farmland biodiversity in the EU27
Greening of the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) may help to achieve targets of the EU Biodiversity Strategy to 2020. A suite of models can ne used to calculate the impacts of policy measures…
Out of the Comfort Zone: Institutional Context and the Scope for Legitimate Climate Adaptation Policy
Adaptation to climate change is gradually becoming accepted as one of the major challenges in regional and urban planning. However, the scope for options that make our societies less vulnerable to…
Exploring global nitrogen and phosphorus flows in urban wastes during the twentieth century
This paper presents a global model-based country-scale quantification of urban nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) waste flows from humans, animals, and industries, including discharge to surface water…
Limited attention has been paid to how neighbourhood conditions affect firm relocation choices. Using a panel dataset (1999-2006) of actual firm relocations in the Netherlands, the effect of different…
Using logged trees as a bioenergy source – replacing fossil fuel – carries the risk of first increasing CO 2 emissions before reducing them. It could in fact take up to 100 years before emissions…
Sensitivity analyses of the ESPON Climate framework, on the basis of the case study on flooding in the Netherlands
The ESPON Climate framework is a first attempt to develop a comprehensive methodology that integrates data and interrelations across a vast range of relevant fields in order to assess a pan-European…
The global nitrogen cycle in the twenty-first century
Global nitrogen fixation contributes 413 Tg of reactive nitrogen (Nr) to terrestrial and marine ecosystems annually of which anthropogenic activities are responsible for half, 210 Tg N. The majority…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
