In the Netherlands, about three quarters of the population live in urban areas and almost 80% of the jobs can be found there. In 2015, the Dutch Government launched its Agenda Stad, a national urban…
Cities are expected to play a key role in delivering the Europe 2020 strategy for smart, green and inclusive growth. Therefore, the European Commission, EU Member States and European cities are…
Reducing emissions from agriculture to meet the 2°C target
More than 100 countries pledged to reduce agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the 2015 Paris Agreement of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Yet technical…
Methods for calculating the emissions of transport in the Netherlands 2016
This report describes the methodologies, emission factors and relevant activity data used to calculate the emissions of environmental pollutants from mobile sources in the Netherlands. The emissions…
Modeling Soil Processes: Review, Key Challenges, and New Perspectives
The complexity of soil and its importance to a wide range of ecosystem services presents major challenges to the modeling of soil processes. Although major progress in soil models has occurred in the…
Lock-in of mature innovation systems, The transformation toward clean concrete in the Netherlands
Energy-intensive processing industries like the concrete industry form the base of the economy and account for a large part of greenhouse gas emissions. Sectoral transformation to cleaner basic…
Exploring synergies between climate and air quality policies using long-term global and regional emission scenarios
In this paper, we present ten scenarios developed using the IMAGE framework (Integrated Model to Assess the Global Environment) to explore how different assumptions on future climate and air pollution…
Bridging analytical approaches for low-carbon transitions
Low-carbon transitions are long-term multi-faceted processes. Although integrated assessment models have many strengths for analysing such transitions, their mathematical representation requires a…
Long-term model-based projections of energy use and CO2 emissions from the global steel and cement industries
This paper presents a global simulation-model for the steel and cement industries. The model covers the full modelling chain from economic activity, to materials consumption, trade, technology choice…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
