How deep is your love – Of nature? A psychological and spatial analysis of the depth of feelings towards Dutch nature areas
The most binding nature protection policy in the Netherlands and EU primarily designates areas based on ecological value, ensuring their sustained protection. Of less concern to these policies are the…
Global and regional abatement costs of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and of enhanced action to levels well below 2 °C and 1.5 °C
As part of the Paris climate agreement, countries have submitted (Intended) Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), which includes greenhouse gas reduction proposals beyond 2020. In this paper, we…
Key role of forests in meeting climate targets and science needed for credible mitigation
Forests play a key role in meeting the objectives of the Paris Climate Agreement. They cover around 25% of the global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions planned by countries by 2030 in response…
Scientific Opinion addressing the state of the science on risk assessment of plant protection products for in-soil organisms
The European Food Safety Authority reviewed the science behind the risk assessment of plant protection products for in-soil organisms. The current risk assessment scheme is reviewed, taking into…
Science-based greenhouse gas emission targets for agriculture and forestry
To limit global warming to well below 2 °C, as agreed in the Paris Climate Agreement, climate actions by the Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land-Use (AFOLU) sector are crucial. The greenhouse gas…
Quantifying Biodiversity Losses Due to Human Consumption: A Global-Scale Footprint Analysis
It is increasingly recognized that human consumption leads to considerable losses of biodiversity. This study systematically quantifies these losses in relation to land use and greenhouse gas (GHG)…
Circular Economy: Measuring innovation in product chains
An important question is how to measure the progress of the transition towards a circular economy (CE transition). Together PBL and Utrecht University have developed a framework about the role of…
Sensitivity of projected long-term CO2 emissions across the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways
Scenarios showing future greenhouse gas emissions are needed to estimate climate impacts and the mitigation efforts required for climate stabilization. Recently, the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways…
Lessons from temporal and spatial patterns in global use of N and P fertilizer on cropland
Many high-income countries have experienced excessive nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) inputs from fertilizer and animal manure in crop production in the 1970s and 1980s. Landscapes have a nutrient…
Comparing projections of industrial energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions in long-term energy models
The industry sector is a major energy consumer and greenhouse gas (GHG) emitter. Effective climate change mitigation strategies will require a significant reduction of industrial emissions. To better…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
