International marine and aviation bunker fuel: trends, ranking of countries and comparison with national CO2 emission
This report summarises and characterises fuel consumption and associated CO 2 emissions from international transport based on energy statistics compiled by the International Energy Agency (IEA)…
Major Shifts in Societal Trends and Their Impact on Climate Change
The Dutch National Research Program (NRP) on global air pollution and climate change commissioned a study on major shifts in societal trends that are relevant for the climate problem. The main…
The Brazilian Proposal and other Options for International Burden Sharing: an evaluation of methodological and policy aspects using the FAIR model
During the negotiations on the Kyoto Protocol, Brazil proposed a methodology to base Annex I (industrialised) country contributions to emission reductions on their responsibilities for the global mean…
The ecological footprint of Benin, Bhutan, Costa Rica and the Netherlands
The Ecological Footprint (EF) has recieved much attention as a potential indicator for sustainable development over the last years. In this report, the EF concept has been applied to four different…
Municipal climate change policies: A case study for Amsterdam
This report provides insight to the local policy options with respect to climate change, in this case within the sphere of influence of Amsterdam local authorities.
MARKAL-IO Linking an input-output model with MARKAL
This report deals with E3-models to study the relationship between energy, economy and the environment. Since energy policies to reduce CO 2 emissions can have major economic impacts, it is important…
LGMCAD, a Solute Transport Module of the Groundwater Model for the Netherlands. User's Manual
This report describes the input files for the program LGMCAD, which is the solute transport module of the National Groundwater Model for the Netherlands (LGM). Additionally, several accompanying…
Evaluating the methane budget in Europe using inverse modelling
The Kalman filter is used as a data-assimilation technique to calculate methane concentrations and emissions in Europe. The filter combines the results of model calculations and measurements to…
Resolving Issues on Terrestrial Biospheric Sinks in the Kyoto Protocol
In the Kyoto Protocol all Annex I countries have agreed to reduce their carbon dioxide emissions by a certain percentage compared to 1990 level in 2008-2012. Several direct human-induced activities…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency