In the debate on the use of biomass, ‘carbon debt’ is a frequently encountered term referring to the question whether using biomass, especially for bioenergy, makes a positive or negative contribution…
To keep the Paris goal of 1.5°C goal alive, nations need to collectively commit to cut 42 per cent off annual greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 and 57 per cent by 2035 in the next round of Nationally…
A prospective evaluation of the ambition of the Kunming-Montreal global biodiversity framework goals and targets
In October 2024, at the 16 th Conference of the Parties (COP-16) of the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), countries have negotiated the mechanisms for planning, monitoring…
Progress of major emitters towards climate targets
This report by NewClimate Institute, PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, and the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), provides an overview of projected greenhouse…
Human development is fundamentally dependent on the state of the environment. ‘Planetary boundaries’ define a set of limits with regard to the environmental conditions on the planet within which human…
Assessing multiple ecosystem services in 708 European urban areas
Nature is increasingly recognized for its potential to address societal challenges in cities, through the delivery of ecosystem services (ES). However, large-scale assessments quantifying this…
How climate change is impacting the Brazilian agricultural sector: evidence from a systematic literature review
Climate change is one of the biggest threats to global food security, with observed impacts already affecting agriculture. This study aims to systematize and analyze the observed biophysical impacts…
Exploration of pathways towards climate neutrality 2050
In order to become climate-neutral by 2050, substantial changes are needed in both electricity and heating and in the production and use of fuels and raw materials. In more concrete terms, this means…
Comparing net zero pathways across the Atlantic A model inter-comparison exercise between the Energy Modeling Forum 37 and the European Climate and Energy Modeling Forum
Europe and North America account for 32 % of current carbon emissions. Due to distinct legacy systems, energy infrastructure, socioeconomic development, and energy resource endowment, both regions…
The global energy landscape is going through a profound transition towards sustainability to combat climate change and reduce dependence on fossil fuel. Hydrogen, particularly green hydrogen produced…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
