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A prospective evaluation of the ambition of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework goals and targets

In October 2024, at the 16 th Conference of the Parties (COP-16) of the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), countries have negotiated the mechanisms for planning, monitoring…
Logo Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework

Progress of major emitters towards climate targets

This report by NewClimate Institute, PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, and the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), provides an overview of projected greenhouse…

Nitrogen in agri-food systems and the environment: Next steps to a sustainable future

The widespread introduction of synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilisers, post World War II in the 1950s, marked a historic turning point in the world's agricultural systems. The increased N supply…

Long-term variations (1970–2020) and spatial patterns of nitrogen and phosphorus soil budgets and fates in Indian agriculture

The Green Revolution rapidly increased India’s food production since the 1960s, but excessive synthetic fertilizer use caused severe environmental problems.

Economic geography and planetary boundaries

Human development is fundamentally dependent on the state of the environment. ‘Planetary boundaries’ define a set of limits with regard to the environmental conditions on the planet within which human…
de aardbol in handen van een persoon

Global riverine land-to-ocean carbon export constrained by observations and multi-model assessment

Rivers are a key component of the global carbon cycle. They receive vast quantities of terrestrial carbon, of which a large fraction is ultimately exported to the coastal ocean. Our review of…

Assessing multiple ecosystem services in 708 European urban areas

Nature is increasingly recognised for its potential to address societal challenges in cities, through the delivery of ecosystem services (ES). However, large-scale assessments quantifying this…
Photo Urban gardening in Malmö, Sweden

Prospective life cycle assessment of climate and biodiversity impacts of meat-based and plant-forward meals: A case study of Indonesian and German meal options

The emerging field of prospective life cycle assessment (pLCA) offers opportunities for evaluating the environmental impacts of possible future consumption shifts. One such shift involves a transition…

Global inland-water nitrogen cycling has accelerated in the Anthropocene

Inland waters are an important component of the global nitrogen (N) cycle, functioning not only as land-to-sea transporters but also as active biogeochemical reactors. However, the latter role is not…

A green hydrogen revolution in Africa remains elusive under current geopolitical realities

Africa's abundant renewable energy resources and vast land areas present an unprecedented opportunity for the development of a green hydrogen economy. Several countries in Africa have already…